Overwhelmed with the additional parenting responsibilities, parents may not welcome the challenge of caring for a newborn. and the United Kingdom spent on education and household tasks doubled to roughly 60 hours from 30 per week. School and daycare closures have meant that parents have had to take on many new responsibilities, including assisting with their children’s remote learning.Īccording to a survey of caregivers conducted by the Boston Consulting Group in April 2020, the amount of time that parents in the U.S. Increased child-rearing demands is another reason behind the pandemic’s fertility decline. This may be especially true for those in communities hardest hit by the pandemic. Many expectant parents may delay or eschew childbearing if they cannot envision a future in which they will be able to provide a loving and secure environment for their child to thrive. Others may forego childbearing because the pandemic has forced them to confront their own mortality. People may not wish to bring a child into this world when they do not know where their next paycheque is coming from or whether they will have a roof over their heads. Some couples may forego having a child during the pandemic because they are concerned about their job and economic security. The global pandemic and lockdown policies have exposed individuals to uncertain economic futures. Prolonged economic uncertainty may be another reason women have disrupted their fertility during COVID-19. Infants can contract COVID-19 shortly after birth and, because their lungs are less developed, they are at higher risk of developing more severe forms of COVID-19 relative to older children. Some women may have chosen to forego a pregnancy during the pandemic out of concern for their infant’s well-being. Expectant mothers also had limited access to prenatal care during the pandemic because many health practitioners scheduled less frequent in-person appointments to minimize exposure to the virus. Pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of developing more severe forms of COVID-19. ![]() ![]() ![]() had experienced a small drop in births prior to COVID-19, but the rate of decline more than doubled during the pandemic.Ĭoncerns about their own health may explain why some women decided to forego a pregnancy during COVID-19. Global research with preliminary data suggests that the fertility trends during COVID-19 will follow this general pattern. Past work has consistently shown that fertility tends to decrease during long-lasting and deadly catastrophes. These differences imply that the pandemic will reduce the life expectancy of Black and Hispanic Americans. Whereas whites comprise 62 per cent of Americans between the ages of 45 and 54, they account for just 22 per cent of people in that age group who have died from COVID-19. A report from the Brookings Institute reveals that, relative to white Americans, higher shares of Black and Hispanic Americans who died from COVID-19 are middle-aged. The toll among Black and Hispanic Americans, who have seen their life expectancy drop by 2.1 and 3.1 years, respectively, has been especially high.ĬOVID-19 also has the potential to age vulnerable populations. Some researchers predict that life expectancy in the United States has decreased by 1.13 years due to COVID-19. The excess deaths from COVID-19 may reduce life expectancy. By early May 2021, the pandemic had infected 152 million people and had claimed over three million lives worldwide. The most direct impact of COVID-19 are excess deaths. Like its predecessors, the current COVID-19 pandemic will likely usher in major social changes as a result of the excess numbers of deaths, disruptions to fertility and restrictions to immigration. Labour shortages following the Black Plague, for example, resulted in the rise of the middle class. Pandemics have historically given rise to major social and demographic transformation.
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